Few va a few, little va a little farqi: qoida va misollar
Few va little "deyarli yo'q" degan salbiy ma'no beradi, a few va a little esa "ozgina bor, yetarli" degan ijobiy ma'no beradi. Farq faqat bitta a artikli bilan bog'liq, lekin gapning ma'nosi butunlay o'zgaradi. Bundan tashqari, sanaladigan otlar bilan few, sanalmaydigan otlar bilan little ishlatiladi.
Asosiy jadval
| Sanaladigan otlar (friends, books) | Sanalmaydigan otlar (time, money) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ijobiy (ozgina bor) | a few | a little |
| Salbiy (deyarli yo'q) | few | little |
A few va a little: "ozgina bor"
Bu so'zlar kamida biroz narsa borligini bildiradi.
- I have a few friends in Tashkent. (Toshkentda bir nechta do'stim bor.)
- There is a little milk in the fridge. (Muzlatgichda ozgina sut bor.)
- We have a few minutes before the lesson. (Darsgacha bir necha daqiqamiz bor.)
Gapiruvchi vaziyatdan qoniqqan yoki neytral bo'ladi.
Few va little: "deyarli yo'q"
Bu so'zlar yetishmovchilikni, ko'pincha norozilikni bildiradi.
- Few people came to the meeting. (Yig'ilishga deyarli hech kim kelmadi.)
- There is little time left. (Vaqt deyarli qolmadi.)
- He has few friends here, so he feels lonely. (Bu yerda uning do'stlari kam, shuning uchun o'zini yolg'iz his qiladi.)
Few va little rasmiy uslubda ko'proq uchraydi. Og'zaki nutqda ko'pincha not many va not much deyiladi: I don't have much time.
Ma'no farqini his qiling
I have a few ideas. → Menda fikrlar bor, boshlasak bo'ladi.
I have few ideas. → Menda deyarli fikr yo'q.
She has a little experience. → Biroz tajribasi bor, bu yetarli bo'lishi mumkin.
She has little experience. → Tajribasi deyarli yo'q.
Very, only, quite bilan
- only a few / only a little — "atigi ozgina": Only a few students passed the quiz.
- very few / very little — "juda kam": Very few shops are open on Sunday.
- quite a few — aslida "ancha ko'p": Quite a few people agreed. (Ancha ko'p odam rozi bo'ldi.)
Oxirgisi tez-tez adashtiriladi: quite a few kam degani emas.
O'zbek tilida o'quvchilar qiladigan xatolar
- Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni aralashtirish.
- ❌ I have a little friends. → ✅ I have a few friends.
- ❌ I have few money. → ✅ I have little money.
- Artiklni tushirib qoldirish. O'zbek tilida "ozgina" va "kam" so'zlari ko'pincha bir xil tarjima qilinadi, shuning uchun a ni unutish ma'noni salbiyga aylantirib yuboradi.
- I have little money desangiz, "pulim deyarli yo'q" degan bo'ladi. "Ozgina pulim bor" demoqchi bo'lsangiz — a little money.
- Few/little dan keyin ko'plik shakli. Few dan keyin ko'plik ot keladi: few books, few problems. Little dan keyin esa birlik shakldagi sanalmaydigan ot: little water.
Mashq
Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring:
- We need ___ more chairs. (ozgina bor — sanaladigan)
- There is ___ hope. (deyarli yo'q)
- Can I have ___ sugar in my tea?
- ___ students understood the rule, so the teacher explained it again.
Javoblar: 1. a few; 2. little; 3. a little; 4. Few.
Grammatikani mashq qilingMiqdor so'zlari bo'yicha mashqlar va testlar
Ko'proq mashq qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, o'z gaplaringizni tuzib, bu to'rt so'zni har kuni ishlatib ko'ring.