Since va for farqi: davomiylikni to'g'ri ifodalash

Since boshlanish vaqtini (nuqtani) bildiradi, for esa davomiylikni (muddatni) bildiradi. Ikkalasi ham odatda Present Perfect bilan ishlatiladi va o'zbek tilida "…dan beri" deb tarjima qilinadi, shuning uchun o'quvchilar ularni tez-tez aralashtirib yuboradi.

Asosiy qoida

So'z	Nimadan keyin keladi	Savol
since	aniq vaqt nuqtasi	Qachondan beri?
for	vaqt muddati	Qancha vaqtdan beri?

Since: vaqt nuqtasi bilan

Since dan keyin "qachon boshlangan" degan nuqta keladi: yil, oy, kun, soat yoki voqea.

• I have lived here since 2019. (Men bu yerda 2019-yildan beri yashayman.)
• She has worked here since Monday. (U dushanbadan beri bu yerda ishlaydi.)
• We have known each other since school. (Biz maktabdan beri bir-birimizni tanimiz.)
• He has been ill since he came back. (U qaytib kelganidan beri kasal.)

Since dan keyin gap ham kelishi mumkin. Bunda asosiy gap Present Perfect, since dan keyingi qism esa odatda Past Simple bo'ladi.

For: muddat bilan

For dan keyin necha vaqt davom etgani aytiladi: daqiqa, soat, hafta, oy, yil.

• I have lived here for five years. (Men bu yerda besh yildan beri yashayman.)
• She has worked here for three months. (U bu yerda uch oydan beri ishlaydi.)
• They have been married for a long time. (Ular uzoq vaqtdan beri turmush qurgan.)
• I haven't seen him for ages. (Uni ancha vaqtdan beri ko'rmadim.)

Bir xil ma'noni ikki usulda aytish

Bitta fikrni ikkala so'z bilan ifodalash mumkin. Faqat keyin keladigan so'z turi farq qiladi.

• I have studied English since 2021. (nuqta)
• I have studied English for five years. (muddat)

Buning uchun o'zingizdan so'rang: "Men boshlanish payti haqida gapiryapmanmi yoki qancha davom etgani haqidami?"

Qaysi zamon bilan ishlatiladi?

Davom etayotgan holat uchun odatda Present Perfect (yoki Present Perfect Continuous) kerak bo'ladi.

• I have been waiting for an hour. (Bir soatdan beri kutyapman.)
• I have been waiting since 9 o'clock. (Soat to'qqizdan beri kutyapman.)

Tugagan davr haqida gapirsangiz, Past Simple ishlating va for ni saqlang:

• I lived in Samarkand for two years. (Samarqandda ikki yil yashaganman — endi yashamayman.)

Bu yerda since ishlatilmaydi, chunki holat hozirgacha davom etmaydi. Present Perfect va Past Simple o'rtasidagi farqni alohida maqolada o'qishingiz mumkin.

O'zbek tilida gapiruvchilar uchun odatiy xatolar

1. Hozirgi zamon ishlatish. O'zbek tilida "Men bu yerda uch yildan beri yashayman" deymiz, lekin inglizcha ❌ I live here for three years. noto'g'ri. To'g'risi: ✅ I have lived here for three years.
2. For o'rniga since. ❌ I have worked here since three years. To'g'risi: ✅ I have worked here for three years.
3. Since o'rniga for. ❌ I have known her for 2018. To'g'risi: ✅ I have known her since 2018.
4. Since dan keyin Present Perfect. ❌ since I have moved o'rniga ko'pincha ✅ since I moved ishlatiladi.

Qisqa test

Bo'sh joyga since yoki for qo'ying:

1. I have had this phone ___ two years.
2. He has been here ___ morning.
3. We haven't spoken ___ last summer.
4. She has been learning English ___ six months.

Javoblar: 1 — for; 2 — since; 3 — since; 4 — for.

Eslab qolish uchun

Since = start (boshlanish nuqtasi). For = full length (butun muddat). Ikkalasidan oldin odatda Present Perfect turadi.

📚Grammatika mashqlariPresent Perfect va boshqa mavzularni mashq qiling