In, on, at predloglari: vaqt va joy uchun qoidalar
In, on va at: umumiy qoida shunday. In katta yoki yopiq joy/davr uchun (shahar, oy, yil), on aniq kun va sirt uchun, at aniq nuqta va aniq vaqt uchun. Ularni "katta → o'rta → aniq" tartibida eslab qolsangiz, ko'p xatoning oldini olasiz.
Vaqt uchun
At: aniq vaqt nuqtasi
- at 7 o'clock (soat 7 da)
- at noon, at night, at midnight (tushda, kechasi, yarim kechada)
- at the weekend (dam olish kunlari; ingliz tilining ba'zi variantlarida shunday)
The class starts at nine. (Dars to'qqizda boshlanadi.)
On: kunlar va sanalar
- on Monday (dushanba kuni)
- on 5 May (5 mayda)
- on my birthday (tug'ilgan kunimda)
I have an exam on Friday. (Juma kuni imtihonim bor.)
In: uzoqroq davrlar
- in July (iyulda)
- in 2027 (2027-yilda)
- in the morning / afternoon / evening (ertalab, tushdan keyin, kechqurun)
- in summer (yozda)
She was born in 2005. (U 2005-yilda tug'ilgan.)
Eslatma: at night deyiladi, lekin in the morning. Bu istisno, shunchaki yodlab oling.
Joy uchun
| Predlog | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| in | yopiq yoki katta joy | in Tashkent, in the room, in Uzbekistan |
| on | sirt, qavat, ko'cha | on the table, on the second floor, on Navoi Street |
| at | aniq nuqta, bino | at the station, at school, at the door |
My keys are on the table, and the table is in the kitchen. (Kalitlarim stol ustida, stol esa oshxonada.)
O'zbek tilida so'zlovchilarning tipik xatolari
O'zbek tilida joy-holat va payt kelishiklari ("-da") hamma holatda bitta, inglizchada esa uchta predlog bor. Shuning uchun ko'p xato "-da" ni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tarjima qilishdan kelib chiqadi:
- ❌ I will see you in Monday. → ✅ I will see you on Monday.
- ❌ She works in the bank. → ✅ She works at the bank. (qaysi tashkilotda)
- ❌ We met at 2019. → ✅ We met in 2019.
- ❌ I arrived to Tashkent. → ✅ I arrived in Tashkent. (shaharga kelishda in, binoga kelishda at)
Predlog tushib qoladigan hollar
Next, last, this, every, tomorrow, yesterday oldidan predlog ishlatilmaydi:
- ❌ on next Monday → ✅ next Monday
- ❌ in this morning → ✅ this morning
Tez mashq
Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring (javoblar pastda):
- The film begins ___ 8 p.m.
- I was born ___ April.
- We have a meeting ___ Wednesday.
- He lives ___ a small village.
Javoblar: 1. at 2. in 3. on 4. in
Grammatika mashqlariPredloglar va boshqa mavzular bo'yicha mashq qiling
Xulosa
Qoida oddiy: at aniq nuqta, on kun va sirt, in katta davr yoki joy. Xatolarni yozib boring va har haftada qayta ko'rib chiqing, shunda tez orada avtomatik to'g'ri ishlata boshlaysiz.